中英双语 | 中国“人口红利”向“人才红利”提升
时间：2024-04-12
来源：本站
超500万，这是中国每年科学、技术、工程、数学专业（STEM）毕业生的数量，全球领先。
With over five million students graduating in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) each year, China has become the world's leading producer of STEM graduates.
约50%，这是国际智库统计的中国高校培养的顶尖人工智能（AI）研究人员全球占比，世界第一。
According to global think tanks, approximately 50 percent of the world's leading artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are trained in Chinese universities, making China the top provider of elite AI talents globally.
An R&D staff of a new material company in Jiujiang, east China's Jiangxi province, works in a lab of the company. (People's Daily Online/Wu Jiang)
数据的背后，是中国“人口红利”向“人才红利”提升的发展优势。经过多年努力，如今的中国，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提升至11.05年，人才资源总量、科技人力资源、研发人员总量均居全球首位。
Behind these numbers lies China's transition from demographic dividend to talent dividend. After years of efforts, the average duration of education for China's working-age population has steadily increased to 11.05 years. The country now ranks first in the world in terms of the size of talent pool, human resources in science and technology and the total number of researchers.
这些有力支撑了科技创新、推动了产业转型升级，让这个世界第二大经济体有了更足的发展底气。
Such growing talent dividend has provided strong support for technological advancements and industrial transformation and upgrading, bolstering the world's second-largest economy's confidence in future development.
立足人才这个第一资源，中国持续推进教育强国建设，将STEM教育作为培养创新型、复合型人才的关键，不断加强人力资源开发利用，取得诸多新进展。
Prioritizing talent as its main resource, China is committed to building a leading country in education. By recognizing the importance of STEM education in nurturing innovative and versatile talents and maximizing the potential of human resources, new achievements have been made in this regard.
2012年至2022年，国家财政性教育经费由2.2万亿元增加到4.85万亿元，年均增长8.23%。中国劳动年龄人口近9亿，新增劳动力平均受教育年限上升到14年。
From 2012 to 2022, the Chinese government's budget spending on education increased from 2.2 trillion yuan ($304.13 billion) to 4.85 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth of 8.23 percent. China now has a nearly 900 million working-age population, and the average years of education for the newly added workforce has risen to 14 years.
全国共有高等学校3074所，各种形式的高等教育在学总规模4763.19万人。中国已成为全球规模最宏大、门类最齐全的人才资源大国，技能劳动者总量超2亿人，其中高技能人才超6000万人。
Besides, China boasts 3,074 higher-educational institutions, with a student enrollment of over 47.63 million in various types of higher education. Home to over 200 million skilled workers, including more than 60 million high-skilled professionals, China has emerged as a country with the world's largest number of talents specialized in a diverse range of industries.
A job fair for students majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) was held at Anhui University of Science and Technology in Huainan, east China's Anhui province, March 23, 2024. (People's Daily Online/Chen Bin)
相关研究显示，对于后发国家来说，其高精尖人才数量、人才整体质量和人才创新活力形成的人力资本，对实现跨越式发展能够产生效率倍增效应。可喜的是，这样的积极效应在中国已经开始显现。
Research shows that in developing countries, the number of high-level talents, the overall quality of the talent pool, and the innovation vitality of talents collectively serve as a valuable resource for achieving leapfrog development. It is heartening to see these positive outcomes taking shape in China.
从研制出中国第一套量子计算机测控系统到第一个量子计算机操作系统，再到第一款量子芯片设计软件……中国科学院量子信息重点实验室副主任郭国平带领研发团队近年在量子计算研究方面取得一个又一个突破，助力中国成为世界上第三个具备量子计算机整机交付能力的国家。
In recent years, multiple breakthroughs have been made in quantum computing in China, such as developing China's first quantum computing measurement and control system, first quantum computer operating system, and first quantum chip design software, largely due to the efforts of a research team led by Guo Guoping, deputy director of the Key Laboratory of Quantum Information of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These achievements have made China the third country in the world with the ability to deliver a complete quantum computer.
当前，中国研发人员总量超600万人、位列世界首位，研发投入连续多年稳居世界第二。
China now leads the world with over 6 million R&D personnel, and maintains the second position globally in R&D investment for multiple years.
日本《日经亚洲》网站评论说，那些对中国经济持悲观看法的人忽视了中国大力培育的创新能力。
Japanese magazine Nikkei Asia said on its website that it is easy these days to construct a bearish view on China's economic outlook. But a frequent omission from such narratives is the country's zeal for innovation.
中国持续增加创新投入，有助于提高生产率，实现长期、可持续的经济增长。根据世界银行测算，中国人力资本对经济增长的贡献率保持上升态势，目前已超过36%。
China's expanding investment in innovation is playing a crucial role in boosting productivity and fostering long-term, sustainable economic growth. According to the World Bank, human capital has contributed over 36 percent to China's economic growth, and the number is still on a rise.
A researcher debugs an intelligent quality check device for smart terminals at the Yibin Research Institute of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, southwest China's Sichuan province. (People's Daily Online/Wang Yu)
看好中国人力资本潜力，分享中国“人才红利”，也成为越来越多国际机构、企业的选择。
International institutions and companies are increasingly drawn to China's human capital potential and seeking to tap into the country's talent dividend.
平均不到2个月开展1项研发投入，跨国企业施耐德电气集团过去一年在华开启“高速”模式。中国已成为施耐德电气的全球四大研发基地之一。
Schneider Electric, a multinational based in France, has been making quick advances in China in 2023, launching a new R&D project approximately every two months. China has now become one of the company's four R&D bases in the world.
为何频频扩大在华研发布局？中国的人才优势是一个关键因素。施耐德电气执行副总裁尹正表示，施耐德电气持续壮大本地创新队伍，近三年来中国研发人员增长了30%，目前已经超过2000人。
Why does Schneider Electric frequently expand its R&D presence in China? One key reason is China's advantage in talent. According to Yin Zheng, executive vice president of Schneider Electric's China & East Asia Operations, the company has been continuously strengthening its local innovation team. Over the past three years, its number of R&D staff in China has grown by 30 percent, surpassing 2,000 individuals.
“我们还将进一步强化在华研发实力，落地更多研发机构，以创新支持中国打造新质生产力，把更多‘中国智慧’源源不断输向全球”。
"We will continue to reinforce our R&D capabilities in China, establish more research institutions, promote innovation to support China in developing new quality productive forces, and share 'Chinese wisdom' with the rest of the world," said Yin.
罗兰贝格企业管理咨询有限公司大中华区副总裁江浩认为，近年来，外资在中国布局研发中心的步伐明显加快，“中国积累了大量优秀管理人才和工程师资源，外资正是看中了这一点，纷纷加码中国研发中心建设。”
Jiang Hao, vice president of Roland Berger Greater China, said in recent years, foreign companies have been rapidly setting up R&D centers in China. "The large number of exceptional management talents and skilled engineers in China has caught the attention of foreign companies, leading to a rise in investment toward building R&D centers in the county," said Jiang.
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